DeepSeek V3.1 Behavioral Fingerprint
How DeepSeek's DeepSeek V3.1 answers one-word probe questions at temperature 1.0 — random numbers, colors, animals, coin flips — measured over 449 valid samples in the open dataset of "One Token Is Enough" (arXiv:2607.10252).
Vendor
DeepSeek
Data generated
2026-07-08
Probe cells
15
Valid samples
449
Randomness score
38 / 100
Mean normalized entropy across cells, 0–100. 100 would be a uniform-random baseline; real models score far lower.
Signature answers
Favorite random number (1–100)
42
21 / 30 answers
Favorite color
blue
27 / 30 answers
Coin flip: heads
72%
Share of heads across coin-flip cells.
Answer distributions by probe cell
Empirical distributions of normalized one-word answers, per task and language. H is the Shannon entropy in bits; the uniform baseline is log2 of the answer-domain size.
Coin flip · English
n = 30 · H = 1.00 bit · uniform baseline 1.00 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| heads | 15 | 50.0% |
| tails | 15 | 50.0% |
Coin flip · Chinese
n = 30 · H = 0.35 bit · uniform baseline 1.00 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| heads | 28 | 93.3% |
| tails | 2 | 6.7% |
Favorite number · English
n = 30 · H = 1.32 bit · uniform baseline 13.29 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 42 | 17 | 56.7% |
| 7 | 11 | 36.7% |
| 47 | 1 | 3.3% |
| 7777 | 1 | 3.3% |
Favorite number · Chinese
n = 29 · H = 1.18 bit · uniform baseline 13.29 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 42 | 15 | 51.7% |
| 7 | 13 | 44.8% |
| 10 | 1 | 3.4% |
Random animal · English
n = 30 · H = 2.98 bit · uniform baseline 5.64 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| elephant | 9 | 30.0% |
| dog | 7 | 23.3% |
| giraffe | 3 | 10.0% |
| tiger | 3 | 10.0% |
| cow | 1 | 3.3% |
| lion | 1 | 3.3% |
| cat | 1 | 3.3% |
| horse | 1 | 3.3% |
+ 4 more answers
Random animal · Chinese
n = 30 · H = 2.97 bit · uniform baseline 5.64 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 猫 | 10 | 33.3% |
| 狮子 | 4 | 13.3% |
| 狗 | 4 | 13.3% |
| 马 | 3 | 10.0% |
| 大象 | 2 | 6.7% |
| 牛 | 2 | 6.7% |
| kangaroo | 1 | 3.3% |
| giraffe | 1 | 3.3% |
+ 3 more answers
Random city · English
n = 30 · H = 2.51 bit · uniform baseline 5.64 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| tokyo | 11 | 36.7% |
| chicago | 6 | 20.0% |
| paris | 5 | 16.7% |
| london | 3 | 10.0% |
| toronto | 2 | 6.7% |
| berlin | 1 | 3.3% |
| buffalo | 1 | 3.3% |
| seattle | 1 | 3.3% |
Random city · Chinese
n = 30 · H = 3.00 bit · uniform baseline 5.64 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 东京 | 14 | 46.7% |
| 上海 | 2 | 6.7% |
| tokyo | 2 | 6.7% |
| kolkata | 1 | 3.3% |
| 重庆 | 1 | 3.3% |
| 法兰克福 | 1 | 3.3% |
| 芝加哥 | 1 | 3.3% |
| 伦敦 | 1 | 3.3% |
+ 7 more answers
Random color · English
n = 30 · H = 0.47 bit · uniform baseline 4.91 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| blue | 27 | 90.0% |
| red | 3 | 10.0% |
Random color · Chinese
n = 30 · H = 1.12 bit · uniform baseline 4.91 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 蓝 | 22 | 73.3% |
| 红 | 6 | 20.0% |
| red | 1 | 3.3% |
| 绿 | 1 | 3.3% |
Random letter · English
n = 30 · H = 3.49 bit · uniform baseline 4.70 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| g | 7 | 23.3% |
| q | 4 | 13.3% |
| t | 3 | 10.0% |
| k | 2 | 6.7% |
| x | 2 | 6.7% |
| m | 2 | 6.7% |
| h | 2 | 6.7% |
| p | 2 | 6.7% |
+ 6 more answers
Random number 1-10 · English
n = 30 · H = 0.42 bit · uniform baseline 3.32 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 7 | 28 | 93.3% |
| 3 | 1 | 3.3% |
| 5 | 1 | 3.3% |
Random number 1-10 · Chinese
n = 30 · H = 1.64 bit · uniform baseline 3.32 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 7 | 20 | 66.7% |
| 5 | 3 | 10.0% |
| 6 | 3 | 10.0% |
| 3 | 2 | 6.7% |
| 4 | 1 | 3.3% |
| 8 | 1 | 3.3% |
Random number 1-100 · English
n = 30 · H = 1.54 bit · uniform baseline 6.64 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 42 | 21 | 70.0% |
| 47 | 3 | 10.0% |
| 57 | 2 | 6.7% |
| 73 | 2 | 6.7% |
| 37 | 1 | 3.3% |
| 74 | 1 | 3.3% |
Random number 1-100 · Chinese
n = 30 · H = 1.69 bit · uniform baseline 6.64 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 42 | 20 | 66.7% |
| 57 | 4 | 13.3% |
| 72 | 2 | 6.7% |
| 47 | 1 | 3.3% |
| 64 | 1 | 3.3% |
| 73 | 1 | 3.3% |
| 86 | 1 | 3.3% |
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Distributions: Tomáš Bruckner, "One Token Is Enough" (arXiv:2607.10252), official dataset Zenodo DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21278557, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Collected via OpenRouter at temperature 1.0 under the paper's fixed minimal one-word system prompt; answer keys are re-normalized with the checker's pipeline (color aliases, number words, coin h/t) so live probes are directly comparable.