Ling-2.6-flash Behavioral Fingerprint
How inclusionAI's Ling-2.6-flash answers one-word probe questions at temperature 1.0 — random numbers, colors, animals, coin flips — measured over 426 valid samples in the open dataset of "One Token Is Enough" (arXiv:2607.10252).
Vendor
inclusionAI
Data generated
2026-07-08
Probe cells
15
Valid samples
426
Randomness score
22 / 100
Mean normalized entropy across cells, 0–100. 100 would be a uniform-random baseline; real models score far lower.
Signature answers
Favorite random number (1–100)
47
19 / 30 answers
Favorite color
blue
29 / 30 answers
Coin flip: heads
95%
Share of heads across coin-flip cells.
Answer distributions by probe cell
Empirical distributions of normalized one-word answers, per task and language. H is the Shannon entropy in bits; the uniform baseline is log2 of the answer-domain size.
Coin flip · English
n = 30 · H = 0.47 bit · uniform baseline 1.00 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| heads | 27 | 90.0% |
| tails | 3 | 10.0% |
Coin flip · Chinese
n = 30 · H = 0.00 bit · uniform baseline 1.00 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| heads | 30 | 100.0% |
Favorite number · English
n = 30 · H = 0.85 bit · uniform baseline 13.29 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 7 | 24 | 80.0% |
| 42 | 5 | 16.7% |
| 37 | 1 | 3.3% |
Favorite number · Chinese
n = 30 · H = 0.21 bit · uniform baseline 13.29 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 7 | 29 | 96.7% |
| 9 | 1 | 3.3% |
Random animal · English
n = 30 · H = 1.30 bit · uniform baseline 5.64 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| fox | 22 | 73.3% |
| elephant | 4 | 13.3% |
| zebra | 2 | 6.7% |
| octopus | 1 | 3.3% |
| giraffe | 1 | 3.3% |
Random animal · Chinese
n = 22 · H = 2.52 bit · uniform baseline 5.64 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 袋鼠 | 7 | 31.8% |
| 章鱼 | 5 | 22.7% |
| 斑马 | 3 | 13.6% |
| 猫 | 3 | 13.6% |
| 企鹅 | 2 | 9.1% |
| 袋獾 | 1 | 4.5% |
| 犀牛 | 1 | 4.5% |
Random city · English
n = 30 · H = 3.27 bit · uniform baseline 5.64 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| tokyo | 12 | 40.0% |
| brisbane | 2 | 6.7% |
| oslo | 2 | 6.7% |
| nairobi | 2 | 6.7% |
| kabul | 1 | 3.3% |
| yerevan | 1 | 3.3% |
| cairo | 1 | 3.3% |
| cleveland | 1 | 3.3% |
+ 8 more answers
Random city · Chinese
n = 15 · H = 2.66 bit · uniform baseline 5.64 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 昆明 | 4 | 26.7% |
| 哈尔滨 | 3 | 20.0% |
| 沈阳 | 2 | 13.3% |
| 郑州 | 2 | 13.3% |
| 长沙 | 2 | 13.3% |
| 乌鲁木齐 | 1 | 6.7% |
| 成都 | 1 | 6.7% |
Random color · English
n = 30 · H = 0.21 bit · uniform baseline 4.91 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| blue | 29 | 96.7% |
| teal | 1 | 3.3% |
Random color · Chinese
n = 29 · H = 1.68 bit · uniform baseline 4.91 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 蓝 | 13 | 44.8% |
| 紫 | 9 | 31.0% |
| 青 | 6 | 20.7% |
| 绿 | 1 | 3.4% |
Random letter · English
n = 30 · H = 1.72 bit · uniform baseline 4.70 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| m | 17 | 56.7% |
| q | 8 | 26.7% |
| k | 2 | 6.7% |
| r | 1 | 3.3% |
| x | 1 | 3.3% |
| g | 1 | 3.3% |
Random number 1-10 · English
n = 30 · H = 0.00 bit · uniform baseline 3.32 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 7 | 30 | 100.0% |
Random number 1-10 · Chinese
n = 30 · H = 0.00 bit · uniform baseline 3.32 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 7 | 30 | 100.0% |
Random number 1-100 · English
n = 30 · H = 1.20 bit · uniform baseline 6.64 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 47 | 19 | 63.3% |
| 42 | 9 | 30.0% |
| 57 | 2 | 6.7% |
Random number 1-100 · Chinese
n = 30 · H = 0.95 bit · uniform baseline 6.64 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 47 | 19 | 63.3% |
| 42 | 11 | 36.7% |
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Distributions: Tomáš Bruckner, "One Token Is Enough" (arXiv:2607.10252), official dataset Zenodo DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21278557, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Collected via OpenRouter at temperature 1.0 under the paper's fixed minimal one-word system prompt; answer keys are re-normalized with the checker's pipeline (color aliases, number words, coin h/t) so live probes are directly comparable.