Llama 3.1 70B Instruct Behavioral Fingerprint
How Meta's Llama 3.1 70B Instruct answers one-word probe questions at temperature 1.0 — random numbers, colors, animals, coin flips — measured over 445 valid samples in the open dataset of "One Token Is Enough" (arXiv:2607.10252).
Vendor
Meta
Data generated
2026-07-08
Probe cells
15
Valid samples
445
Randomness score
43 / 100
Mean normalized entropy across cells, 0–100. 100 would be a uniform-random baseline; real models score far lower.
Signature answers
Favorite random number (1–100)
53
29 / 30 answers
Favorite color
turquoise
20 / 30 answers
Coin flip: heads
70%
Share of heads across coin-flip cells.
Answer distributions by probe cell
Empirical distributions of normalized one-word answers, per task and language. H is the Shannon entropy in bits; the uniform baseline is log2 of the answer-domain size.
Coin flip · English
n = 30 · H = 0.84 bit · uniform baseline 1.00 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| heads | 22 | 73.3% |
| tails | 8 | 26.7% |
Coin flip · Chinese
n = 30 · H = 0.92 bit · uniform baseline 1.00 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| heads | 20 | 66.7% |
| tails | 10 | 33.3% |
Favorite number · English
n = 29 · H = 0.69 bit · uniform baseline 13.29 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 42 | 25 | 86.2% |
| 7 | 3 | 10.3% |
| 13 | 1 | 3.4% |
Favorite number · Chinese
n = 29 · H = 3.01 bit · uniform baseline 13.29 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 7 | 11 | 37.9% |
| 42 | 3 | 10.3% |
| 88 | 3 | 10.3% |
| 0 | 2 | 6.9% |
| 1 | 2 | 6.9% |
| 8 | 2 | 6.9% |
| 3 | 1 | 3.4% |
| 6 | 1 | 3.4% |
+ 4 more answers
Random animal · English
n = 30 · H = 2.19 bit · uniform baseline 5.64 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| kangaroo | 17 | 56.7% |
| rhinoceros | 4 | 13.3% |
| otter | 2 | 6.7% |
| koala | 2 | 6.7% |
| quokka | 1 | 3.3% |
| tiger | 1 | 3.3% |
| mongoose | 1 | 3.3% |
| leopard | 1 | 3.3% |
+ 1 more answers
Random animal · Chinese
n = 27 · H = 3.78 bit · uniform baseline 5.64 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 狮子 | 4 | 14.8% |
| 貓 | 3 | 11.1% |
| 猫 | 3 | 11.1% |
| 大象 | 3 | 11.1% |
| 袋鼠 | 2 | 7.4% |
| 鸵鸟 | 2 | 7.4% |
| 刺猬 | 1 | 3.7% |
| 蝙蝠 | 1 | 3.7% |
+ 8 more answers
Random city · English
n = 30 · H = 3.17 bit · uniform baseline 5.64 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| tokyo | 9 | 30.0% |
| omaha | 7 | 23.3% |
| bangkok | 2 | 6.7% |
| ottawa | 2 | 6.7% |
| pittsburgh | 1 | 3.3% |
| boston | 1 | 3.3% |
| sydney | 1 | 3.3% |
| tulsa | 1 | 3.3% |
+ 6 more answers
Random city · Chinese
n = 30 · H = 4.42 bit · uniform baseline 5.64 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 南京 | 3 | 10.0% |
| 杭州 | 2 | 6.7% |
| 慕尼黑 | 2 | 6.7% |
| 广州 | 2 | 6.7% |
| 北京 | 2 | 6.7% |
| 大阪 | 2 | 6.7% |
| 郑州 | 1 | 3.3% |
| 大连 | 1 | 3.3% |
+ 15 more answers
Random color · English
n = 30 · H = 1.48 bit · uniform baseline 4.91 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| turquoise | 20 | 66.7% |
| magenta | 5 | 16.7% |
| purple | 3 | 10.0% |
| cyan | 1 | 3.3% |
| teal | 1 | 3.3% |
Random color · Chinese
n = 30 · H = 2.99 bit · uniform baseline 4.91 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 紫 | 8 | 26.7% |
| 蓝 | 4 | 13.3% |
| 粉 | 4 | 13.3% |
| 黄 | 4 | 13.3% |
| 青 | 3 | 10.0% |
| 绿 | 3 | 10.0% |
| 黑 | 1 | 3.3% |
| 红 | 1 | 3.3% |
+ 2 more answers
Random letter · English
n = 30 · H = 0.85 bit · uniform baseline 4.70 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| k | 24 | 80.0% |
| j | 5 | 16.7% |
| q | 1 | 3.3% |
Random number 1-10 · English
n = 30 · H = 0.21 bit · uniform baseline 3.32 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 7 | 29 | 96.7% |
| 8 | 1 | 3.3% |
Random number 1-10 · Chinese
n = 30 · H = 1.24 bit · uniform baseline 3.32 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 7 | 22 | 73.3% |
| 8 | 4 | 13.3% |
| 5 | 2 | 6.7% |
| 6 | 2 | 6.7% |
Random number 1-100 · English
n = 30 · H = 0.21 bit · uniform baseline 6.64 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 53 | 29 | 96.7% |
| 83 | 1 | 3.3% |
Random number 1-100 · Chinese
n = 30 · H = 3.44 bit · uniform baseline 6.64 bit
| Answer | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 53 | 6 | 20.0% |
| 67 | 5 | 16.7% |
| 52 | 4 | 13.3% |
| 57 | 3 | 10.0% |
| 54 | 2 | 6.7% |
| 87 | 2 | 6.7% |
| 47 | 1 | 3.3% |
| 51 | 1 | 3.3% |
+ 6 more answers
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Distributions: Tomáš Bruckner, "One Token Is Enough" (arXiv:2607.10252), official dataset Zenodo DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21278557, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Collected via OpenRouter at temperature 1.0 under the paper's fixed minimal one-word system prompt; answer keys are re-normalized with the checker's pipeline (color aliases, number words, coin h/t) so live probes are directly comparable.